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The New Objectivity (in (ドイツ語:Neue Sachlichkeit)) is a term used to characterize the attitude of public life in Weimar Germany as well as the art, literature, music, and architecture created to adapt to it. Rather than some goal of philosophical objectivity, it was meant to imply a turn towards practical engagement with the world—an all-business attitude, understood by Germans as intrinsically American: "The ''Neue Sachlichkeit'' is Americanism, cult of the objective, the hard fact, the predilection for functional work, professional conscientiousness, and usefulness."〔Crockett p.1〕 The term was originally the title of an art exhibition staged by Gustav Friedrich Hartlaub, the director of the ドイツ語:Kunsthalle in Mannheim, to showcase artists who were working in a post-expressionist spirit, but it took a life of its own, going beyond Hartlaub's intentions.〔 As these artists rejected the self-involvement and romantic longings of the expressionists, Weimar intellectuals in general made a call to arms for public collaboration, engagement, and rejection of romantic idealism. The movement essentially ended in 1933 with the fall of the Weimar Republic and the rise of the Nazis to power. ==Meaning== Although "New Objectivity" has been the most common translation of "Neue Sachlichkeit", other translations have included "New Matter-of-factness", "New Resignation", "New Sobriety", and "New Dispassion". An introductory note by author Dennis Crockett in ''German post-expressionism'' explains that there is no direct English translation, and breaks down the meaning in the original German: In particular, Crockett argues against the view implied by the translation of "New Resignation", which he says is a popular misunderstanding of the attitude it describes. The idea that it conveys resignation comes from the notion that the age of great socialist revolutions was over and that the left-leaning intellectuals who were living in Germany at the time wanted to adapt themselves to the social order represented in the Weimar Republic. Crockett tries to ground the word to its original meaning as intended by Hartlaub, and points out that the art of the ''Neue Sachlichkeit'' was meant to be more forward in political action than the modes of Expressionism it was turning against. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「New Objectivity」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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